What is analogous to mass in linear motion for rotational motion?

$A$ circular disc $A$ of radius $r$ is made from an iron plate of thickness $t$ and another circular disc $B$ of radius $4r$ is made from an iron plate of thickness $t/4$. The relation between the moments of inertia $I_A$ and $I_B$ is:

One quarter sector is cut from a uniform circular disc of radius $R$. This sector has mass $M$. It is made to rotate about a line perpendicular to its plane and passing through the centre of the original disc. Its moment of inertia about the axis of rotation is

Two point masses of $0.3 \ kg$ and $0.7 \ kg$ are fixed at the ends of a rod of length $1.4 \ m$ and of negligible mass. The rod is set rotating about an axis perpendicular to its length with a uniform angular speed. The point on the rod through which the axis should pass in order that the work required for rotation of the rod is minimum is located at a distance of

If the mass and radius of a hollow sphere are $M$ and $R$ respectively,then its moment of inertia with respect to its diameter is:

If the diameter of a flywheel is increased by $1\%$,then the percentage increase in its moment of inertia about an axis passing through its center will be ....... $\%$